During its participation in the 52nd session of the Human Rights Council, Maat for Peace, Development and Human Rights commented on the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on torture. Maat noted that the lack of a legal framework in some member states that includes a definition of torture consistent with the definition contained in Article 1 of the Convention against Torture contributes to the failure to complete investigations and impunity for torture crimes. Maat reviewed the penal codes of five countries: Somalia, Ethiopia, Qatar, Iran, and Yemen. The penal codes in these countries lack a definition of torture that includes all the elements contained in Article 1 of the Convention against Torture.