More than 138,000 people traveled in 2019; From the Horn of Africa to Yemen, making this sea route "the busiest migration route in the world", at a time when more than 110,000 migrants crossed the Mediterranean Sea. ​​To Europe.

Most of those who crossed - roughly the equivalent of 90% and arrived in Yemen in 2019 - were heading to Saudi Arabia. About 92% of these migrants come from rural areas of Oromia, Amhara and Tigray, according to the International Organization for Migration.

Smugglers and traffickers send migratory boats from Obock in Djibouti and Bosaso in Somalia. In 2019, about 38% migrants arrived via Djibouti, while about 62% of them arrived on the southern coast of Yemen via Somalia.

The Maat Foundation for Peace, Development and Human Rights recommends the need to protect and secure these sea routes, especially since most of the crossers are not aware of the dire security situation in the country of the crossing, which may expose them to kidnapping, torture for ransom, exploitation or trafficking. The Foundation also recommends that this file should be placed next year on the list of priorities for the work of the United Nations and the African Union, as well as the "Council of States bordering the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden", which was established in early 2020 and includes eight Arab and African countries.

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